Wildlife numbers across the UK are continuing to fall, despite a modest increase in tree cover, according to a new report from the Woodland Trust.
The charity’s findings reveal that although woodland area has grown slightly—from 13.2% of UK land in 2020 to 13.5% in 2024—the condition and biodiversity of these habitats have deteriorated significantly.
The report highlights a troubling trend: the decline in the variety and abundance of species such as butterflies, woodland birds, dormice, and native plants, despite efforts to increase woodland cover. This suggests that simply planting more trees is not enough to halt wildlife loss without also improving woodland quality.
A key issue identified is the declining health of British woodlands. Many lack essential features such as glades and open spaces that allow light to reach the forest floor, supporting a wider range of flora and fauna. Additionally, the number of ancient and veteran trees—vital for biodiversity due to their ability to provide food, shelter, and unique microhabitats—continues to fall.
The report warns that British woodlands are also underperforming in their role to combat climate change. Older trees and undisturbed woodland soils play a crucial part in carbon capture, yet they are becoming increasingly rare. The Woodland Trust notes that only 45% of the UK government’s tree-planting targets were achieved over the past four years, despite ambitions linked to net zero emissions by 2050.
The Climate Change Committee (CCC) has long recommended scaling up tree planting across the UK, both to reduce carbon emissions and increase resilience to climate-related challenges such as disease and rising temperatures. However, progress has remained slow, undermining long-term environmental goals.
Beyond biodiversity, the report underlines the value of woodlands to public wellbeing. A recent poll shows that nine in ten people believe woodland biodiversity contributes positively to mental health, with the sounds of birdsong and rustling leaves offering a strong connection to nature.
The Woodland Trust is urging the UK government to improve woodland management, enhance biodiversity, and meet tree-planting targets more effectively. The charity calls for greater investment to ensure that today’s woodlands can thrive and that the veteran trees of the future are given time and space to grow.
In response, the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) has reiterated its commitment to nature, stating it is investing £400 million to expand tree planting and support woodland ecosystems.
